Which Tires Should You Put Snow Chains On?
Learn which tires to put snow chains on based on your vehicle's drive axle and drivetrain type. Understand tire sidewall markings, sizing, and clearance for safe chain installation.
Contents
Snow chains should be installed on the drive axle tires—the tires that receive power from the engine. For front-wheel drive vehicles, this means the front tires; for rear-wheel drive, the rear tires. On all-wheel drive or four-wheel drive vehicles, chains are typically fitted to all four tires, but always check the owner's manual for specific recommendations.
Understanding Tire Sidewall Numbers
Before fitting chains, you need to know your tire size. Tire sidewall markings look like this: P215/65R16 95H. Here's what each part means:
- 215 – Tire width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall.
- 65 – Aspect ratio: the sidewall height as a percentage of the width. Here, the sidewall height is 65% of 215 mm.
- R – Radial construction (the standard for modern tires).
- 16 – Rim diameter in inches.
- 95 – Load index: the maximum weight the tire can carry when inflated properly.
- H – Speed rating: the maximum speed the tire can sustain safely.
These numbers are essential for choosing chains that fit properly and for checking clearance.
How Tire Size Affects Chain Fitment
Snow chains add thickness around the tire and require space between the tire and the vehicle's body, suspension, and brake components. The key measurements are sidewall height, overall diameter, and tread width.
Sidewall height = (Width × Aspect Ratio) ÷ 100. For a 215/65R16 tire, sidewall height = (215 × 65) ÷ 100 = 139.75 mm, or about 5.5 inches.
Overall diameter = Rim diameter + 2 × sidewall height. First convert rim diameter to millimeters: 16 inches × 25.4 = 406.4 mm. Then overall diameter = 406.4 + 2 × 139.75 = 685.9 mm, or about 27 inches.
Circumference = π × overall diameter. For this tire, circumference ≈ 3.1416 × 685.9 mm ≈ 2155 mm, or about 84.8 inches. This affects how much chain length is needed to wrap around the tire.
These calculations give theoretical values. Actual tire dimensions can vary slightly by manufacturer and tread design. Always measure the actual tire if clearance is tight.
Clearance Considerations for Snow Chains
Snow chains require extra clearance, typically at least 1/2 inch (about 12 mm) between the tire and surrounding components. Check clearance at the front and rear of the tire, as well as above and on the sides. Turn the steering wheel to full lock in both directions to simulate chain movement.
Comparing Tire Sizes for Chain Use
If you are considering different tire sizes, use the calculations above to estimate changes. For example, a wider tire with the same aspect ratio will have a taller sidewall, increasing overall diameter. A lower aspect ratio (e.g., 55 instead of 65) reduces sidewall height and may lower the vehicle, affecting clearance.
| Tire Size | Width (mm) | Aspect Ratio | Sidewall Height (mm) | Overall Diameter (mm) | Circumference (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 215/65R16 | 215 | 65 | 139.75 | 685.9 | 2155 |
| 215/60R16 | 215 | 60 | 129 | 664.4 | 2088 |
| 225/65R16 | 225 | 65 | 146.25 | 698.9 | 2195 |
A change in overall diameter also affects speedometer accuracy and gear ratios, so stick with the manufacturer's recommended size unless you have adjusted the vehicle accordingly.
Drive Axle and Drivetrain Type
The drive axle determines where chains go:
- Front-wheel drive (FWD): Chains on the front tires.
- Rear-wheel drive (RWD): Chains on the rear tires.
- All-wheel drive (AWD) or four-wheel drive (4WD): Chains often on all four tires, but some vehicles allow chains only on the front or rear. Consult the owner's manual.
Installing chains on non-drive wheels can reduce steering or braking control in some conditions, but the primary traction benefit comes from the drive wheels.
Steps to Determine the Right Chains for Your Tires
- Read the tire sidewall to note width, aspect ratio, and rim diameter.
- Check the owner's manual for the recommended chain type and any restrictions.
- Measure the actual tire if clearance is tight, using a ruler or tape measure.
- Select chains that match your tire size (most chain packages list compatible sizes).
- Test-fit chains before driving in snow to ensure they don't rub.
Using the correct chains on the correct tires ensures safe winter driving and protects your vehicle from damage.